Eudemine Tablets

Diazoxide 50mg

White, sugar coated tablet

Eudemine Tablets are used orally in the treatment of intractable hypoglycaemia.

Diazoxide also causes salt and water retention.

Hypoglycaemia: Eudemine administered orally is indicated for the treatment of intractable hypoglycaemia with severe symptoms from a variety of causes including: idiopathic hypoglycaemia in infancy, leucine-sensitive or unclassified; functional islet cell tumours both malignant and benign if inoperable, extra-pancreatic neoplasms producing hypoglycaemia; glycogen storage disease; hypoglycaemia of unknown origin.

Hypoglycaemia: In hypoglycaemia, the dosage schedule of Eudemine tablets is determined according to the clinical needs and the response of the individual patient. For both adults and children a starting oral dose of 5mg/kg body weight divided into 2 or 3 equal doses per 24 hours will establish the patient's response and thereafter the dose can be increased until the symptoms and blood glucose level respond satisfactorily. Regular determinations of the blood glucose in the initial days of treatment are essential. The usual maintenance dose is 3 - 8mg/kg/day given in two or three divided doses.

Reduced doses may be required in patients with impaired renal function.

In children with leucine-sensitive hypoglycaemia, a dosage range of 15-20mg/kg/day is suggested.

In adults with benign or malignant islet-cell tumours producing large quantities of insulin, high dosages of up to 1,000mg per day have been used.

In the treatment of hypoglycaemia, Eudemine is contraindicated in all cases which are amenable to surgery or other specific therapy.

Hypersensitivity to any component of the preparation or other thiazides.

In the treatment of hypoglycaemia it is necessary that the blood pressure be monitored regularly.

Retention of sodium and water is likely to necessitate therapy with an oral diuretic such as frusemide or ethacrynic acid. The dosage of either of the diuretics mentioned may be up to 1g daily. It must be appreciated that if diuretics are employed then both the hypotensive and hyperglycaemic activities of diazoxide will be potentiated and it is likely that the dosage of diazoxide will require adjustment downwards. In patients with severe renal failure it is desirable to maintain, with diuretic therapy, urinary volumes in excess of 1 litre daily. Hypokalaemia should be avoided by adequate potassium replacement.

Diazoxide should be used with caution in patients with cardiac failure or impaired cardiac reserve in whom sodium and water retention may worsen or precipitate congestive heart failure. A direct effect on myocardium and cardiac function cannot be excluded.

Diazoxide should be used with care in patients with impaired cardiac or cerebral circulation and in patients with aortic coarctation, aortic stenosis, arteriovenous shunt, heart failure or other cardiovascular disorders in which an increase in cardiac output could be detrimental.

Diazoxide should be administered with caution to patients with hyperuricaemia or a history of gout, and it is advisable to monitor serum uric acid concentration.

Whenever Eudemine is given over a prolonged period regular haematological examinations are indicated to exclude changes in white blood cell and platelet counts.

Also in children there should be regular assessment of growth, bone and psychological maturation.

The very rapid, almost complete protein binding of diazoxide requires cautious dosage to be used in patients whose plasma proteins may be lower than normal.

Drugs potentiated by diazoxide therapy include: oral diuretics, anti-hypertensive agents and anticoagulants.

Phenytoin levels should be monitored as increased dosage may be needed if administered concurrently with diazoxide.

The risk of hyperglycaemia may be increased by concurrent administration of corticosteroids or oestrogen-progestogen combinations.

Eudemine Tablets are only to be used in pregnant women when the indicated condition is deemed to put the mother's life at risk.

 Side Effects

Prolonged oral therapy of Eudemine during pregnancy has been reported to cause alopecia in the newborn.

Eudemine should not be given to nursing mothers as the safety of diazoxide during lactation has not been established.

None known.

With oral therapy, nausea is common in the first two or three weeks and may require relief with an anti-nauseant. Prolonged therapy has given rise to reports of hypertrichosis lanuginosa, anorexia and hyperuricaemia.

Extra-pyramidal side-effects have been reported with oral diazoxide. It was found that extra-pyramidal effects such as parkinsonian tremor, cogwheel rigidity and oculogyric crisis could be easily suppressed by intravenous injection of an antiparkinsonian drug such as procyclidine and that they could be prevented by maintenance therapy with such a drug given orally.

Other adverse effects of Eudemine which have been reported are listed below.

Blood and lymphatic system disorders

Leucopenia, thrombocytopenia, decreased haemoglobin and / or haematocrit, eosinophilia, bleeding

Immune system disorders

Hypogammaglobulinaemia, hypersensitivity reactions such as rash, fever and leucopenia, decreased immunoglobulins (IgG) in infants,

Endocrine disorder

Hirsutism, galactorrhoea, pancreatitis, increased serum androgens

Metabolism and nutrition disorders

Hyperuricaemia (after prolonged therapy), hyperosmolar non-ketotic coma, inappropriate hyperglycaemia including ketoacidosis

Psychiatric disorders

Anorexia (after prolonged therapy), decreased libido

Nervous system disorders

Extra-pyramidal side-effects such as parkinsonian tremor, cogwheel rigidity and oculogyric crisis, headache, dizziness

Eye disorders

Blurred vision, transient cataracts, subconjunctival haemorrhage, ring scotoma, diplopia, lacrimation.

Ear and labyrinth disorders

Tinnitus

Cardiac disorders

Cardiomegaly, cardiac failure, arrhythmias

Vascular disorders

Inappropriate hypotension

Respiratory, thoracic and mediastinal disorders

Dysponea, pulmonary hypertension

Gastrointestinal disorders

Nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, diarrhoea, ileus, constipation, dysgeusia

Hepatobiliary disorders

Increased AST and alkaline phosphate

Skin and subcutaneous tissue disorders

Pruritis, dermatitis, lichenoid eruption

Musculoskeletal and connective tissue disorders

Musculoskeletal pain

Renal and urinary disorders

Azotemia, decreased creatinine clearance, reversible nephritic syndrome, haematuria and albuminuria.

Congenital, familial and genetic disorders

Hypertrichosis lanuginose (after prolonged therapy)

General disorders and administration site disorders

Voice changes and abnormal faces in children (on long term therapy), sodium retention, fluids retention

Excessive dosage of Eudemine can result in hyperglycaemia. Severe hyperglycaemia may be corrected by giving insulin and less severe hyperglycaemia may respond to oral hypoglycaemics. Hypotension may be managed with intravenous fluids and in severe cases may require sympathomimetics.

None stated

None stated

None stated

The tablet core consists of:

Lactose

Maize starch

Maize starch, pre-gelatinised

Magnesium stearate

Purified water

The tablet coating consists of:

Sugar (mineral water grade)

Gelatin coarse powder 200 bloom

Purified water

Opaglos AG-7350

Opaglos AG-7350 consists of:

Purified water

Carnauba wax (E903)

Beeswax, white (E901)

Polysorbate 20 (E432)

Sorbic acid (E200)

None stated

36 months

None

Plastic containers with tamper evident closure containing 100 tablets.

None stated

UCB Pharma Limited

208 Bath Road

Slough

Berkshire

SL1 3WE

UK

PL 00039/0412

17 December 1992 / 17 December 1997

Drafted 24 March 2009