| Generally, adverse reactions have been mild and transient, and do not require discontinuation of therapy. The most frequently reported adverse reactions are nausea, dizziness and headache. Uncommonly drowsiness, light-headedness or impaired reactions may occur.Reactions such as peripheral oedema, tinnitus, fatigue, visual disturbances, sweating, disturbed hearing, disturbed orthostatic regulation are rare.Cardiovascular: Symptomatic hypotension accompanied by dizziness, weakness and nausea may occur after the initial dose of Tritace and after an increase in the dose of Tritace. It has been rarely observed, but may occur in severely salt/volume-depleted patients such as those treated with diuretics, patients on dialysis and in patients with severe congestive heart failure. Syncope has also been observed rarely.Myocardial infarction or cerebrovascular accident possibly secondary to severe hypotension in high risk patients, chest pain, palpitations, rhythm disturbances, angina pectoris may occur.Renal: Treatment with Tritace may impair renal function and in isolated cases progression to acute renal failure may occur.Gastrointestinal: Treatment with Tritace may be associated with symptoms in the digestive tract, e.g. rarely dryness of the mouth, glossitis, irritation or inflammation of the oral mucosa, digestive disturbances, constipation, diarrhoea, nausea, and vomiting, (gastritis-like) stomach pain, abdominal discomfort (sometimes with increased levels of pancreatic enzymes). Uncommonly increases in hepatic enzymes and/or serum bilirubin, jaundice due to impaired excretion of bile pigment (cholestatic jaundice), acute hepatitis, potentially leading to liver failure.Pancreatitis has been reported rarely in patients treated with ACE inhibitors; in some cases this has proved fatal.Allergic: Hypersensitivity reactions accompanied by pruritus, rash, shortness of breath and sometimes fever may occur, but usually resolve spontaneously after withdrawal of Tritace.In addition, the following cutaneous and mucosal reactions may occur: reddening of skin areas with accompanying heat sensation, conjunctivitis, itching, urticaria, other skin or mucosal eruptions (maculo-papular and lichenoid exanthema and enanthema, erythema multiforme), sometimes pronounced hair loss, exacerbation of perfusion disturbances due to vascular stenoses and precipitation or intensification of Raynaud's phenomenon. In isolated cases, pemphigus, exacerbation of psoriasis, psoriasiform and pemphigoid exanthema and enanthema, Stevens-Johnson syndrome, toxic epidermal necrolysis, hypersensitivity of the skin to light, and onycholysis have been observed.See Section 4.5 (Interactions) for advice on reactions to insect venoma.Haematological reactions: Rarely, a mild - in isolated cases severe reduction in the red blood cell count and haemoglobin content, white blood cell or blood platelet count may develop. In isolated cases, agranulocytosis, pancytopenia and bone marrow depression may occur.In isolated cases haemolytic anaemia may develop.Vasculitis, muscle and joint pains, fever, or eosinophilia may occur. Raised titres of antinuclear antibodies have been seen with other ACE inhibitors.Angioedema: See Section 4.4 (Special Warnings and Special Precautions for use). Uncommonly, pharmacologically mediated mild angioedema may occur (the incidence of ACE inhibitor angioedema seems to be increased in black, i.e. Afro-Caribbean, patients as compared with non-black patients). Serious reactions of this type and other, non-pharmacologically mediated anaphylactic or anaphylactoid reactions to ramipril or any of the other ingredients are rare.Respiratory tract: A dry tickling cough may occur. This is possibly due to the desired ACE inhibition as are the following adverse effects: rhinitis, sinusitis, bronchitis and, especially in patients with tickling cough, bronchospasm.Other adverse reactions: Disturbances of balance, headache, nervousness, restlessness, tremor, sleep disorders, confusion, loss of appetite, depressed mood, feeling of anxiety, paraesthesiae, uncommonly, disturbances of smell and taste or partial, sometimes complete loss of taste, muscle cramps, erectile impotence and reduced sexual desire may occur.Laboratory test findings: Increases in blood urea nitrogen and serum creatinine may occur, in particular with renal insufficiency or in patients pre-treated with a diuretic. Pre-existing proteinuria may deteriorate (though ACE inhibitors usually reduce proteinuria), or there may be an increase in urinary output.Sodium/Potassium serum levels - See Section 4.5 (Special warnings and special precautions for use). | |